Understanding Autism

Introduction to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition characterized by varied manifestations in social communication, behavioral patterns, and cognitive functioning. Its classification as a spectrum reflects the diverse symptom severity and functional abilities observed among individuals. Genetic factors are predominant in its etiology, though environmental influences during early development also contribute. Diagnosis relies on behavioral assessments rather than medical tests, emphasizing the importance of early detection for effective intervention. Understanding ASD's complexity is crucial for advancing inclusive practices that accommodate and celebrate the unique abilities and challenges of those affected.

  • Autism, as outlined in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5), encompasses persistent differences in how individuals communicate and interact socially across various settings. You might notice these differences through behaviors such as:

    - Limited or atypical speech patterns, difficulties in understanding nonverbal cues, challenges in forming and sustaining friendships, or engaging in typical conversational give-and-take.

    In addition, autism is characterized by repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. For example, you might see behaviors like:

    - Repeating phrases or noises, engaging in repetitive motions, showing a strong preference for routine, experiencing difficulty with changes, possessing intense and focused interests, or displaying unusual sensitivity or indifference to sensory stimuli.

    These descriptions are intended to help you recognize some common signs of autism and understand the diverse ways it can manifest.

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects each person differently, so treatments need to be customized. These treatments are planned with the help of a team of professionals who focus on the specific needs of the individual. The main aim of these treatments is to reduce symptoms that interfere with daily life and improve quality of life.

    Treatments for ASD can take place in schools, medical centers, community settings, or at home. It's important for everyone involved—healthcare providers, teachers, you, and your family—to communicate well. This helps ensure that the treatment goals are clear and progress is tracked effectively.

    As your child grows up and moves beyond high school, they might need more support. This could include help with continuing education, job training, finding a job, and getting housing and transportation.

    For more information, visit the CDC’s page on treatments for ASD.

  • Early Identification: It's important to identify developmental delays early to get children the help they need in places like school and home. Spotting these issues early can lead to better development outcomes.

    Early Intervention Services (Ages 0-3 years): Services for young children can improve their development significantly, helping them learn to talk, walk, and interact with others. You don’t need a doctor’s referral to request an evaluation for your child. Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), children under three who are at risk of delays may qualify for these services.

    Find your state’s early intervention program

    Special Education Services (Ages 3-22 years): Children with disabilities, including those with ASD, can receive special education services starting at age 3. These services can begin even before your child starts school and may include an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) or a 504 plan. To get your child evaluated, contact your local public school system or the Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center (ECTA).

    For more information:

    Learn about early intervention

    Contact ECTA at 919-962-2001 or visit the ECTA website.

More Resources:

Child Development Specific Conditions

CDC’s National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities has information on certain birth defects, disabilities, mental, emotional, and developmental disorders, and blood disorders that affect children.

Concerned About Your Child’s Development?

As a parent, you know your child best. If your child is not meeting the milestones for his or her age, or if you think there could be a problem with the way your child plays, learns, speaks, acts, and moves talk to your child’s doctor and share your concerns.

Guidebook for Family

The Organization for Autism Research knows how important having information is for autism families.  They publish and provide comprehensive guidebooks, manuals, and booklets for families that are written by experts in the field and backed by research.

More on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

This presents information about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) including signs and symptoms, causes and risk factors, diagnosis in young children, older children, teens, and adults, and treatments.